资源类型

期刊论文 10

年份

2023 1

2022 1

2020 1

2018 1

2013 1

2012 3

2010 1

2002 1

展开 ︾

关键词

作物需水量 1

全膜双垄沟播玉米 1

华北地区；生态恢复工程；蒸散发；水储量；植被净初级生产力；自然恢复 1

实时预报 1

旱农技术创新 1

灌溉 1

灌溉制度 1

甘肃省 1

膜上覆土小麦 1

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

Analysis of catchment evapotranspiration at different scales using bottom-up and top-down approaches

Xiangyu XU, Dawen YANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 65-77 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0002-9

摘要： Physically-based hydrological models are used to predict catchment water balance through detailed simulation of hydrological processes at small temporal and spatial scales. However, annual catchment water balance can also be easily and simply predicted using lumped conceptual model. Comparison between physically-based hydrological models and lumped conceptual models can help us understand the dominant factors on catchment water balance at different scales. In this paper, a distributed physically-based hydrological model (i.e., bottom-up approach) and a simple water-energy balance model (i.e., top-down approach) are used to predict actual evapotranspiration in nine sub-catchments, and the whole basin of the Luan River in northern China. Both simulations give very close values of annual evapotranspiration and show the same complementary relationship between actual and potential evapotranspiration at annual time scale. From the analysis at different time scales through comparison of the top-down and the bottom-up methods, it is shown that the annual catchment evapotranspiration is controlled mainly by annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and the variability of soil water and vegetation becomes more important at a smaller time scale in the study areas. It is also known that the relationship between potential and actual evapotranspiration shows a highly nonlinear relationship at the annual and catchment scale but can be simplified to a linear relationship at hourly temporal and hillslope scales, which is commonly used in the physically-based hydrological models.

关键词： catchment evapotranspiration     distributed hydrological model     water-energy balance model     top-down and bottom-up approaches    

HTML PDF 收藏

Analysis of rainfall runoff characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China

Jinliang HUANG, Zhenshun TU, Pengfei DU, Qingsheng LI, Jie LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 531-539 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0287-x

摘要： Characteristics of rainfall runoff from a 3.26?hm urban catchment with predominant land-use as lawn in Xiamen City, South-east China were investigated and analyzed. Water quality and quantity measurements of rainfall runoff were conducted for ten rainfall events over the period March, 2008 to April, 2009. The results indicated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) were the major pollutants with event mean concentrations of 56.09 and 0.44 mg·L . From hydrograph and pollutograph analysis of two typical rainfall events, it was clear that the peak rainfall preceded the peak flowrate by about 15–20 min. Meanwhile, concentrations of major pollutants showed multiple peaks and these peaks usually preceded peak flowrate. There were no distinctive first-flush effects except for the rainfall events with the longest rainfall duration and largest runoff volume, which was verified by the fact that the first 30% runoff volume (FF30) carried 39.36% of the total suspended solids (TSS) load, 35.17% of the COD load, 28.13% of the TP load and 39.03% of the nitrate nitrogen load. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the total runoff volume had a positive correlation with the FF30 of TSS and COD.

关键词： rainfall runoff     first flush     pollution characteristics     urban lawn catchment    

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of land use change on hydrological cycle from forest to upland field in a catchment, Japan

Chuan ZHANG, Keiji TAKASE, Hiroki OUE, Nobuhiro EBISU, Haofang YAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 456-465 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0218-6

摘要： Understanding the effects of land use change on the hydrological cycle is very important for development of sustainable water resource in an upland field catchment. In this study, soil and hydrological properties in an upland field catchment, which was reclaimed partially from a forest catchment, were compared with another forest catchment. The soil properties of surface and subsurface layers were investigated in the two catchments. The soil was compacted and water-holding capacity of soil in the upland field catchment became smaller after the reclamation from forest to upland field, which decreased infiltration rate and water storage in the soil layers. We found that peak discharge and direct runoff in the upland field catchment increased compared with the forest catchment. Annual evapotranspiration from the upland field catchment tended to be lower due to the change in vegetation type and soil properties. Furthermore, a semi-distributed hydrological model was applied in the upland field catchment to understand the integrated effects of reclamation on the hydrological cycle. The model parameters, which were determined using a nonlinear optimization technique—the Shuffled Complex Evolution method (SCE), were compared between the two catchments. The Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient was used to evaluate the model performance. The simulated results indicated that evapotranspiration was decreased and change in discharge was more obvious in the surface layer. We considered that declined infiltration and water storage and increased peak discharge and direct runoff have a negative impact on water resources in the upland field catchment. This study will provide information for forest managers in planning and making decisions for land and water resource management.

关键词： land-use change     hydrological processes     upland field catchment     forest catchment     semi-distributed hydrological model    

HTML PDF 收藏

Stormwater runoff pollution loads from an urban catchment with rainy climate in China

Liqing LI, Baoqing SHAN, Chenqing YIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第5期   页码 672-677 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0447-2

摘要： An older urban district in Wuhan, China, is transitioning from discharging sewage and stormwater directly into lakes, to directing the sewage to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Dealing with polluted stormwater discharge is a great challenge. Stormwater runoff from an urban catchment with a combined sewer system was sampled and analyzed over a three-year period. Results indicate that wet weather flows account for 66%, 31%, 17%, and 13% of the total load of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, respectively. The first flush of COD and SS was significant in all runoff events. More than 50% of the SS and COD loads were transported by the first 30% of runoff volume. Storage and treatment of the first 10 mm from each combined sewer overflow event could reduce more than 70% of the annual COD overflow load. An integrated solution is recommended, consisting of a tank connected to the WWTP and a detention pond, to store and treat the combined sewer overflow (CSO). These results may be helpful in mitigating CSO pollution for many other urban areas in China and other developing countries.

关键词： combined sewer overflow     pollution load     first flush     detention basins    

HTML PDF 收藏

THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND AREA IN THE JINGLINXI CATCHMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 607-626 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023517

摘要：

As the common features of agroecosystems, ditches and ponds benefit the irrigation and drainage, as well as intercepting non-point source pollutants. However, most ditch-pond studies have been conducted in lowland areas. To test this source-sink assumption in upland areas, this study made observations on the ecological function of the ditch and pond system in a typical catchment in China. First, the changes in ponds in the catchment were analyzed using high-resolution remote sensing data. Then, the migration of agricultural pollutants in ditches and ponds were analyzed by field sampling and laboratory detection. The results showed that over the past 15 years the length of ditches in the catchment and the number of small ponds (< 500 m2) have increased by 32% and 75%, respectively. The rate of change in nutrient concentrations in the ditches and ponds were mostly from −20% to 20%, indicating ditches and ponds can be both sources and sinks for agricultural pollutants. Lastly, the contributing factors were explored and it was found that ditches and ponds are important sinks in dry season. However, during the rainy season, ditches and ponds become sources of pollutants, with the rapid drainage of ditches and the overflow of ponds in upland areas. The results of this study revealed that the ditches and ponds could be used for ecological engineering in upland catchments to balance drainage and intercept pollutants.

关键词： ditches     ponds     non-point source pollution     mountainous areas     nitrogen     phosphorus    

HTML PDF 收藏

Comparison of evapotranspiration and energy partitioning related to main biotic and abiotic controllers

Lei GAO, Peng ZHAO, Shaozhong KANG, Sien LI, Ling TONG, Risheng DING, Hongna LU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 490-504 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019310

摘要：

Knowledge of evapotranspiration (ET) and energy partitioning is useful for optimizing water management, especially in areas where water is scarce. A study was undertaken in a furrow-irrigated vineyard (2015) and a drip-irrigated vineyard (2017) in an arid region of north-west China to compare vineyard ET and energy partitioning and their responses to soil water content (SWC) and leaf area index (LAI). ET and soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) were determined using eddy covariance, microlysimeters, and sap flow. Seasonal average E/ET, T/ET, crop coefficient (Kc), evaporation coefficient (Ke), and basal crop coefficient (Kcb) were 0.50, 0.50, 0.67, 0.35, and 0.29, respectively, in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.42, 0.58, 0.57, 0.29, and 0.43 in the drip-irrigated vineyard. The seasonal average partitioning of net radiation (Rn) into the latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H) and soil heat flux (G) (LE/Rn, H/Rn, and G/Rn), evaporative fraction (EF) and Bowen ratio (β) were 0.57, 0.26, 0.17, 0.69 and 0.63, respectively, in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.46, 0.36, 0.17, 0.57 and 0.97 in the drip-irrigated vineyard. The LE/Rn, H/Rn, EF, and β were linearly correlated with LAI. The E, Kc, Ke, E/ET, LE/Rn, LEs/Rn (ratio of LE by soil E to Rn), H/Rn, EF and β were closely correlated with topsoil SWC (10 cm depth). Responses of ET and energy partitioning to the LAI and SWC differed under the two irrigation methods. Drip irrigation reduced seasonal average E/ET and increased average T/ET. From the perspective of energy partitioning, seasonal average H/Rn increased whereas LE/Rn, especially LEs/Rn, decreased. Compared with furrow irrigation, drip irrigation decreased the proportion of unproductive water consumption thereby contributing to enhanced water use efficiency and accumulation of dry matter.

关键词： crop coefficient     eddy covariance     microlysimeter     sap flow     soil evaporation     transpiration    

HTML PDF 收藏

实时灌溉预报

茆智,李远华,李会昌

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第5期   页码 24-33

摘要：

实时灌溉预报是制定动态灌溉用水计划的基础，对灌区节水，增加作物产量和提高经济效益起着重要作用。其重点与难点内容是作物需水量实时预报。国内外已有的作物需水量预报方法与模型，是建立在历史典型水文年资料基础之上的，无法用于实时预报。文章分析了作物需水量与气象条件和非气象条件（主要是植物条件以及土壤条件）之间的关系，提出了根据天气类型、作物绿叶覆盖率和土壤有效含水率3项因素进行作物需水量实时预报的方法与模型，介绍了具体的预报步骤与计算框图，改进了常规的预报方法，主要是用预报的天气类型（晴、昙、阴、雨）代替修正彭曼法中所需的气温、空气湿度、日照时数与风速4项气象因素，用绿叶覆盖率代替叶面积指数，并提出了新的计算土壤水分修正系数的数学模型。

关键词： 灌溉     实时预报     作物需水量     灌溉制度    

HTML PDF 收藏

华北地区生态保护与恢复的水资源效应研究

孙思琦,陈永喆,王聪,胡庆芳,吕一河

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第5期   页码 97-106 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.012

摘要：

近年来，华北地区实施了一系列生态保护与恢复工程，植被生态状况发生了显著变化；探究区域植被恢复对水循环过程及水资源供需平衡的影响，对于完善生态恢复策略、实现区域水资源可持续利用十分重要。本文采用皮尔逊相关系数和莫兰指数，结合多源水参量数据进行综合性分析，阐释了植被和不同水参量的时空变化情况，甄别了植被保育与恢复下的水资源变化响应，进而探讨了华北地区水资源与植被恢复的权衡关系。研究结果表明，华北地区的生态保护与恢复工程成效显著，植被净初级生产力的增速约为恢复工程区外的2.3 倍；植被的扩张与蒸散量表现出空间与时间上的强相关性；植被恢复引起的蒸散量提高是引起水储量赤字或显著降低的主要原因。为此建议，华北地区可完善生态恢复策略，在植被保育与恢复过程中考虑水资源的限制作用；以自然恢复方式为主，促进生态恢复的可持续性、水资源的可利用性。

关键词： 华北地区；生态恢复工程；蒸散发；水储量；植被净初级生产力；自然恢复    

HTML PDF 收藏

Suitability of common models to estimate hydrology and diffuse water pollution in North-eastern German lowland catchments with intensive agricultural land use

Muhammad WASEEM, Frauke KACHHOLZ, Jens TRÄNCKNER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期   页码 420-431 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018243

摘要：

Various process-based models are extensively being used to analyze and forecast catchment hydrology and water quality. However, it is always important to select the appropriate hydrological and water quality modeling tools to predict and analyze the watershed and also consider their strengths and weaknesses. Different factors such as data availability, hydrological, hydraulic, and water quality processes and their desired level of complexity are crucial for selecting a plausible modeling tool. This review is focused on suitable model selection with a focus on desired hydrological, hydraulic and water quality processes (nitrogen fate and transport in surface, subsurface and groundwater bodies) by keeping in view the typical lowland catchments with intensive agricultural land use, higher groundwater tables, and decreased retention times due to the provision of artificial drainage. In this study, four different physically based, partially and fully distributed integrated water modeling tools, SWAT (soil and water assessment tool), SWIM (soil and water integrated model), HSPF (hydrological simulation program– FORTRAN) and a combination of tools from DHI (MIKE SHE coupled with MIKE 11 and ECO Lab), have been reviewed particularly for the Tollense River catchment located in North-eastern Germany. DHI combined tools and SWAT were more suitable for simulating the desired hydrological processes, but in the case of river hydraulics and water quality, the DHI family of tools has an edge due to their integrated coupling between MIKE SHE, MIKE 11 and ECO Lab. In case of SWAT, it needs to be coupled with another tool to model the hydraulics in the Tollense River as SWAT does not include backwater effects and provision of control structures. However, both SWAT and DHI tools are more data demanding in comparison to SWIM and HSPF. For studying nitrogen fate and transport in unsaturated, saturated, and river zone, HSPF was a better model to simulate the desired nitrogen transformation and transport processes. However, for nitrogen dynamics and transformations in shallow streams, ECO Lab had an edge due its flexibility for inclusion of user-desired water quality parameters and processes. In the case of SWIM, most of the input data and governing equations are similar to SWAT but it does not include water bodies (ponds and lakes), wetlands and drainage systems. In this review, only the processes that were needed to simulate the Tollense River catchment were considered, however the resulted model selection criteria can be generalized to other lowland catchments in Australia, North-western Europe and North America with similar complexity.

关键词： diffuse pollution     ECO Lab     HSPF     lowland catchment     MIKE 11     MIKE SHE     modeling tools     SWAT     SWIM     Tollense River     water quality    

HTML PDF 收藏

甘肃省旱地农业技术创新与实践

郭贤仕,柳燕兰,候慧芝,郭天文

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期   页码 65-69

摘要：

甘肃省地理跨度大，气候类型多种多样，旱地农业类型齐全，在长期的生产实践和科研活动中，把有效的传统抗旱办法与农田微集雨保墒工程、旱农耕作栽培技术、农业机械有机结合，创造了很多有区域特色的旱地农业技术。本文对甘肃省传统的砂田种植技术和旱地地膜小麦穴播技术、集雨农业技术体系进行简单回顾，对现阶段正在应用的主体创新旱农技术——全膜双垄沟播玉米、膜上覆土小麦种植技术体系的基本特点、抗旱增产机理及应用情况进行较详细的介绍。

关键词： 甘肃省     旱农技术创新     全膜双垄沟播玉米     膜上覆土小麦    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Analysis of catchment evapotranspiration at different scales using bottom-up and top-down approaches

Xiangyu XU, Dawen YANG,

期刊论文

Analysis of rainfall runoff characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China

Jinliang HUANG, Zhenshun TU, Pengfei DU, Qingsheng LI, Jie LIN

期刊论文

Effects of land use change on hydrological cycle from forest to upland field in a catchment, Japan

Chuan ZHANG, Keiji TAKASE, Hiroki OUE, Nobuhiro EBISU, Haofang YAN

期刊论文

Stormwater runoff pollution loads from an urban catchment with rainy climate in China

Liqing LI, Baoqing SHAN, Chenqing YIN

期刊论文

THE SOURCES OR SINKS OF NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION: OBSERVATIONS IN AN UPLAND AREA IN THE JINGLINXI CATCHMENT

期刊论文

Comparison of evapotranspiration and energy partitioning related to main biotic and abiotic controllers

Lei GAO, Peng ZHAO, Shaozhong KANG, Sien LI, Ling TONG, Risheng DING, Hongna LU

期刊论文

实时灌溉预报

茆智,李远华,李会昌

期刊论文

华北地区生态保护与恢复的水资源效应研究

孙思琦,陈永喆,王聪,胡庆芳,吕一河

期刊论文

Suitability of common models to estimate hydrology and diffuse water pollution in North-eastern German lowland catchments with intensive agricultural land use

Muhammad WASEEM, Frauke KACHHOLZ, Jens TRÄNCKNER

期刊论文

甘肃省旱地农业技术创新与实践

郭贤仕,柳燕兰,候慧芝,郭天文

期刊论文